सामग्री पर जाएँ
साइडबार को टॉगल करें
खोजें
खाता बनाएँ
व्यक्तिगत उपकरण
खाता बनाएँ
लॉग-इन करें
लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ
अधिक जानें
वार्ता
योगदान
नेविगेशन
मुखपृष्ठ
हाल में हुए बदलाव
बेतरतीब पृष्ठ
मीडियाविकि के बारे में सहायता
उपकरण
कड़ियाँ
पृष्ठ से जुड़े बदलाव
विशेष पृष्ठ
पृष्ठ की जानकारी
Wikipedia
सम्पादन (अनुभाग)
पृष्ठ
वार्ता
हिन्दी
पढ़ें
सम्पादित करें
स्रोत सम्पादित करें
इतिहास देखें
अधिक
पढ़ें
सम्पादित करें
स्रोत सम्पादित करें
इतिहास देखें
सावधान:
आपने लॉग-इन नहीं किया है। अगर आप सम्पादन करते हैं तो इस पृष्ठ के संपादन इतिहास में आपका IP पता दृश्य होगा। अगर आप
लॉग-इन
करते हैं या
खाता बनाते हैं
तो दूसरे सुविधाओं के साथ-साथ आपके संपादनों का श्रेय आपके सदस्यनाम पर दिया जाएगा।
ऐन्टी-स्पैम जाँच। इसे
नहीं
भरें!
=== Launch and rapid growth === Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001<ref name="KockJungSyn2016" /> (referred to as ''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Day|Wikipedia Day]]'') as a single [[English language]] edition with the domain name ''www.wikipedia.com'',<ref name="WikipediaHome" group="W" /> and was announced by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list.<ref name="SangerMemoir" /> The name originated from a [[blend word|blend]] of the words ''wiki'' and ''encyclopedia''.<ref name="MiliardWho" /><ref name="J Sidener" /> Its integral policy of "neutral point-of-view"<ref name="NPOV" group="W" /> was codified in its first few months. Otherwise, there were initially relatively few rules, and it operated independently of Nupedia.<ref name="SangerMemoir" /> Bomis originally intended for it to be a for-profit business.<ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{cite news |author=Finkelstein |first=Seth |date=September 25, 2008 |title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|url-status=live|access-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207170151/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|archive-date=December 7, 2022}}</ref> [[File:English Wikipedia HomePage 2001-12-20.png|thumb|The Wikipedia home page on December 20, 2001{{efn|Now available as an archive at the [[nost:|Nostalgia Wikipedia]].}}]] Wikipedia gained early contributors from Nupedia, ''[[Slashdot]]'' postings, and web [[search engine]] indexing. Language editions were created beginning in March 2001, with a total of 161 in use by the end of 2004.<ref group="W">{{Cite mailing list |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000048.html |title=Alternative language wikipedias |date=March 16, 2001|mailing-list=Wikipedia-L |last=Wales |first=Jimmy|access-date=January 16, 2022|archive-date=June 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120728/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000048.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WP early language stats 1" group="W">[[Wikipedia:Multilingual statistics/2004]]</ref> Nupedia and Wikipedia coexisted until the former's servers were taken down permanently in 2003, and its text was incorporated into Wikipedia. The [[English Wikipedia]] passed the mark of 2 million articles on September 9, 2007, making it the largest encyclopedia ever assembled, surpassing the ''[[Yongle Encyclopedia]]'' made in China during the [[Ming dynasty]] in 1408, which had held the record for almost 600 years.<ref name="EB_encyclopedia" /> Citing fears of commercial advertising and lack of control, users of the [[Spanish Wikipedia]] forked from Wikipedia to create {{lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]|italic=no}} in February 2002.<ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |website=Osdir|access-date = December 26, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html|archive-date = October 6, 2008 }}</ref> Wales then announced that Wikipedia would not display advertisements, and changed Wikipedia's domain from ''wikipedia.com'' to ''wikipedia.org''.<ref name="Shirky" /><ref group="W">{{cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html|archive-date=June 20, 2014|access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> After an early period of exponential growth,<ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1"/> the growth rate of the English Wikipedia in terms of the numbers of new articles and of editors, appears to have peaked around early 2007.<ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Bobbie |date=August 12, 2009 |title=Wikipedia approaches its limits |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010|archive-date=December 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226132759/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist+|url-status=live}}</ref> The edition reached 3 million articles in August 2009. Around 1,800 articles were added daily to the encyclopedia in 2006; by 2013 that average was roughly 800.<ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth|access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|archive-date=August 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth|url-status=live}}</ref> A team at the [[Palo Alto Research Center]] attributed this slowing of growth to "increased coordination and overhead costs, exclusion of newcomers, and resistance to new edits".<ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1">{{Cite conference |last1=Suh |first1=Bongwon |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |date=2009-10-25 |title=The singularity is not near: slowing growth of Wikipedia |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1641309.1641322 |conference=WikiSym '09: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |language=en |publisher=ACM |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |access-date=October 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926122335/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1641309.1641322 |url-status=live }}</ref> Others suggest that the growth is flattening naturally because articles that could be called "[[wikt:low-hanging fruit|low-hanging fruit]]"—topics that clearly merit an article—have already been created and built up extensively.<ref name="bostonreview the end of WP 1">{{cite magazine |last=Morozov |first=Evgeny |date=November–December 2009 |title=Edit This Page; Is it the end of Wikipedia |url=https://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/edit-page-wikipedia-evgeny-morozov |magazine=Boston Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211050926/https://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/edit-page-wikipedia-evgeny-morozov|archive-date=December 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen |date=March 28, 2009 |title=Wikipedia – Exploring Fact City |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045029/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html|archive-date=April 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name="stanford WP lack of future growth 1">{{cite web |last1=Gibbons |first1=Austin |last2=Vetrano |first2=David |last3=Biancani |first3=Susan |year=2012 |title=Wikipedia: Nowhere to grow |url=https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs341-2012/reports/09-GibbonsVetranoBiancaniCS341.pdf|url-status=live |publisher=Stanford Network Analysis Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718091331/https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs341-2012/reports/09-GibbonsVetranoBiancaniCS341.pdf|archive-date=July 18, 2014}} {{open access}}</ref> {{anchor|Decline in participation since 2009}} In November 2009, a researcher at the [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] in Madrid, Spain found that the English Wikipedia had lost 49,000 editors during the first three months of 2009; in comparison, it lost only 4,900 editors during the same period in 2008.<ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors |title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=Jenny |last=Kleeman |date=November 26, 2009|access-date = December 13, 2016|archive-date = December 26, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226132806/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors+|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Ortega Soto |first=José Felipe |date=2009 |title=Wikipedia: A quantitative analysis |type=PhD thesis |publisher=Rey Juan Carlos University |url=https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/handle/10115/11239 |hdl=10115/11239|access-date=March 14, 2023|archive-date=March 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314135007/https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/handle/10115/11239|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' cited the array of rules applied to editing and disputes related to such content among the reasons for this trend.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fowler |first1=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969|archive-date=December 4, 2022|access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales disputed these claims in 2009, denying the decline and questioning the study's methodology.<ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{cite news |last=Barnett |first=Emma |date=November 26, 2009 |title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=March 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109044012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|archive-date=November 9, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Two years later, in 2011, he acknowledged a slight decline, noting a decrease from "a little more than 36,000 writers" in June 2010 to 35,800 in June 2011. In the same interview, he also claimed the number of editors was "stable and sustainable".<ref name="wiki-women">{{cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=August 8, 2011 |title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors |newspaper=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|url-status=live|url-access=registration|access-date=April 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421150824/https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|archive-date=April 21, 2022}}</ref> A 2013 ''[[MIT Technology Review]]'' article, "The Decline of Wikipedia", questioned this claim, reporting that since 2007 Wikipedia had lost a third of its volunteer editors, and suggesting that those remaining had focused increasingly on minutiae.<ref name="Simonite-2013">{{cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |date=October 22, 2013 |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|access-date = November 30, 2013|archive-date = July 31, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|url-status = live}}</ref> In July 2012, ''[[The Atlantic]]'' reported that the number of administrators was also in decline.<ref>{{cite news |last=Meyer |first=Robinson |date=July 16, 2012 |title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209095932/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829/|archive-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref> In the November 25, 2013, issue of ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine, Katherine Ward stated, "Wikipedia, the sixth-most-used website, is facing an internal crisis."<ref>Ward, Katherine. ''New York'' Magazine, issue of November 25, 2013, p. 18.</ref> The number of active English Wikipedia editors has since remained steady after a long period of decline.<ref>{{Cite news |last=F. |first=G. |date=May 5, 2013 |title=Who really runs Wikipedia? |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=November 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126151121/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|archive-date=November 26, 2021 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/|url-access=subscription|access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023|archive-date=November 15, 2021}}</ref>
सारांश:
कृपया ध्यान दें कि वर्ल्डपीडिया को किये गये सभी योगदान क्रिएटिव कॉमन्स एट्रिब्यूशन-शेयरअलाइक ४.० लाइसेंस की शर्तों के तहत होंगे (अधिक जानकारी के लिये
वर्ल्डपीडिया:कॉपीराइट
देखें)। यदि आप अपने योगदान को लगातार बदलते और पुनः वितरित होते नहीं देख सकते हैं तो यहाँ योगदान न करें।
आप यह भी प्रमाणित कर रहे हैं कि यह आपने स्वयं लिखा है अथवा सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र या किसी समान मुक्त स्रोत से प्रतिलिपित किया है।
कॉपीराइट सुरक्षित कार्यों को बिना अनुमति के यहाँ न डालें!
रद्द करें
सम्पादन सहायता
(नई विंडो में खुलता है)