Wikipedia सम्पादन (अनुभाग)

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="nature.com crowds wisdom">{{cite web |title=Technical solutions: Wisdom of the crowds |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/peerreview/debate/nature04992.html |website=Nature|access-date = October 10, 2006}}</ref>
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<ref name=comscore>{{cite web |url=https://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=849 |title=694 Million People Currently Use the Internet Worldwide According To comScore Networks |date=May 4, 2006 |publisher=comScore|access-date = December 16, 2007 |quote=Wikipedia has emerged as a site that continues to increase in popularity, both globally and in the US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730011713/https://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=849|archive-date = July 30, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Wikipedia users">{{cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Rainie |first2=Bill |last2=Tancer |title=Wikipedia users |publisher=Pew Research Center |website=Pew Internet & American Life Project |date=December 15, 2007 |quote=36% of online American adults consult Wikipedia. It is particularly popular with the well-educated and current college-age students. |url=https://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf|access-date = December 15, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306031354/https://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf|archive-date = March 6, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Bourgeois">{{cite web |url=https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf |title=Bourgeois et al. v. Peters et al.|access-date = February 6, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203021430/https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archive-date = February 3, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="Courts turn to Wikipedia">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen |date=January 29, 2007 |title=Courts Turn to Wikipedia, but Selectively |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/technology/29wikipedia.html|access-date = December 26, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="US Intelligence">{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/blog/secrecy/2007/03/the_wikipedia_factor_in_us_int.html |title=The Wikipedia Factor in US Intelligence |first=Steven |last=Aftergood |publisher=Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy |date=March 21, 2007|access-date = April 14, 2007|archive-date = January 18, 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130118113948/http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2007/03/the_wikipedia_factor_in_us_int.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Declan">{{cite journal |last=Butler |first=Declan |date=December 16, 2008 |title=Publish in Wikipedia or perish |journal=Nature News |doi=10.1038/news.2008.1312}}</ref>
<ref name=MiliardWho>{{cite news |url=https://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-5129-feature-wikipediots-who-are-these-devoted-even-obsessive-contributors-to-wikipedia.html |first=Mike |last=Miliard |title=Wikipediots: Who Are These Devoted, Even Obsessive Contributors to Wikipedia? |work=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]] |date=March 1, 2008|access-date = December 18, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name=Time2006>{{cite news |date=December 13, 2006 |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html |title=Time's Person of the Year: You |magazine=Time|access-date = December 26, 2008 |first=Lev |last=Grossman}}</ref>
<ref name="AcademiaAndWikipedia">{{cite web |first=Danah |last=Boyd |url=https://many.corante.com/archives/2005/01/04/academia_and_wikipedia.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316184224/https://many.corante.com/archives/2005/01/04/academia_and_wikipedia.php|url-status=dead|archive-date = March 16, 2006 |title=Academia and Wikipedia |website=Many 2 Many: A Group [[Blog|Weblog]] on Social Software |publisher=Corante |date=January 4, 2005|access-date = December 18, 2008 |quote=[The author, Danah Boyd, describes herself as] an expert on social media[,] [...] a doctoral student in the School of Information at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] [,] and a fellow at the Harvard University [[Berkman Center for Internet & Society]] [at [[Harvard Law School]].]}}</ref>
<ref name="MIT_IBM_study">{{cite book |first1=Fernanda B. |last1=Viégas |first2=Martin |last2=Wattenberg |first3=Kushal |last3=Dave |title=CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems |chapter=The palm zire 71 camera interface |url=https://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125025047/https://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf|archive-date = January 25, 2006 |pages=575–582 |year=2004 |doi=10.1145/985921.985953 |isbn=978-1-58113-702-6 |s2cid=10351688|access-date = January 24, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="CreatingDestroyingAndRestoringValue">{{cite journal |first1=Reid |last1=Priedhorsky |first2=Jilin |last2=Chen |author3=Shyong (Tony) K. Lam |first4=Katherine |last4=Panciera |first5=Loren |last5=Terveen |first6=John |last6=Riedl |title=Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia |journal=Association for Computing Machinery Group '07 Conference Proceedings; GroupLens Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota |date=November 4, 2007 |url=https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~reid/papers/group282-priedhorsky.pdf|access-date = October 13, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025080718/https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~reid/papers/group282-priedhorsky.pdf|archive-date = October 25, 2007  |citeseerx=10.1.1.123.7456}}</ref>
<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=https://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |first=Jonathan |last=Sidener |title=Everyone's Encyclopedia |date=December 6, 2004 |work=[[U-T San Diego]]|access-date = October 15, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011150228/https://signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|archive-date = October 11, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=Meyers>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Meyers |title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes+Topics%2FSubjects%2FC%2FComputer+Software |work=The New York Times |date=September 20, 2001 |quote='I can start an article that will consist of one paragraph, and then a real expert will come along and add three paragraphs and clean up my one paragraph,' said Larry Sanger of Las Vegas, who founded Wikipedia with Mr. Wales.|access-date = November 22, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=SangerMemoir>{{cite news |first=Larry |last=Sanger |title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir |date=April 18, 2005 |work=Slashdot |url=https://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml|access-date = December 26, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="EB_encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedias and Dictionaries |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |year=2007 |volume=18 |pages=257–286 |author1=<!-- Please add first missing authors to populate metadata. -->}}</ref>
<ref name=Shirky>{{cite book |first=Clay |last=Shirky|author-link = Clay Shirky |title=Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations |year=2008 |publisher=The Penguin Press via Amazon Online Reader |url=https://archive.org/details/herecomeseverybo0000shir |isbn=978-1-59420-153-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/herecomeseverybo0000shir/page/273 273]|access-date = December 26, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name=FAZ>{{cite web |last=Thiel |first=Thomas |title=Wikipedia und Amazon: Der Marketplace soll es richten |website=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |language=de |date=September 27, 2010 |url=https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~E7A20980B9C0D46E99A9F60BC09506343~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html|access-date = December 6, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126184904/https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~E7A20980B9C0D46E99A9F60BC09506343~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html|archive-date = November 26, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Seigenthaler">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-11-29-wikipedia-edit_x.htm |last=Seigenthaler |first=John |title=A False Wikipedia 'biography' |date=November 29, 2005 |work=USA Today|access-date = December 26, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Torsten_Kleinz">{{cite news |first=Torsten |last=Kleinz |title=World of Knowledge |work=Linux Magazine |quote=The Wikipedia's open structure makes it a target for trolls and vandals who malevolently add incorrect information to articles, get other people tied up in endless discussions, and generally do everything to draw attention to themselves. |date=February 2005 |url=https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/51/Wikipedia_Encyclopedia.pdf|access-date = July 13, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925220722/https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/51/Wikipedia_Encyclopedia.pdf|archive-date = September 25, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="DeathByWikipedia">{{cite news |title=Death by Wikipedia: The Kenneth Lay Chronicles |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/08/AR2006070800135.html |first=Frank |last=Ahrens |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 9, 2006|access-date = November 1, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="wikiality">{{cite news |title=Wikiality |url=https://www.cc.com/video-clips/z1aahs/the-colbert-report-the-word---wikiality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911230950/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/z1aahs/the-colbert-report-the-word---wikiality |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2015 |first=Stephen |last=Colbert |date=July 30, 2006|access-date = October 8, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Seeing Corporate Fingerprints">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/technology/19wikipedia.html |title=Lifting Corporate Fingerprints From the Editing of Wikipedia |first=Katie |last=Hafner |work=The New York Times |date=August 19, 2007|access-date = December 26, 2008 |page=1}}</ref>
<ref name=Taylor>{{cite news |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idINIndia-32865420080405 |title=China allows access to English Wikipedia |work=Reuters |first=Sophie |last=Taylor |date=April 5, 2008|access-date = July 29, 2008|archive-date = December 29, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201229092049/https://in.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idINIndia-32865420080405|url-status = dead}}</ref>

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<ref name=Kittur2009>{{cite conference |url=https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~echi/papers/2009-CHI2009/p1509.pdf |title=What's in Wikipedia?: mapping topics and conflict using socially annotated category structure |first1=Aniket |last1=Kittur |first2=Ed H. |last2=Chi |first3=Bongwon |last3=Shu|author2-link=Ed Chi |date=April 2009 |conference=CHI|book-title=CHI '09: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413130503/https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~echi/papers/2009-CHI2009/p1509.pdf|archive-date=April 13, 2016 |location=Boston; New York |pages=1509–1512 |isbn=978-1-60558-246-7 |doi=10.1145/1518701.1518930}}</ref>
<ref name=Rosenzweig>{{cite journal |first=Roy |last=Rosenzweig |title=Can History be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=93 |issue=1 |date=June 2006 |pages=117–146 |url=https://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425130754/https://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42|url-status=dead|archive-date = April 25, 2010|access-date = August 11, 2006 |doi=10.2307/4486062 |jstor=4486062}} (Center for History and New Media.)</ref>
Not in use-->

<ref name="McHenry_2004">{{cite news |last1=McHenry |first1=Robert |title=The Faith-Based Encyclopedia |url=https://www.techcentralstation.com/111504A.html |work=[[TCS Daily|Tech Central Station]] |date=November 15, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107210301/https://www.techcentralstation.com/111504A.html|archive-date=January 7, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="WideWorldOfWikipedia">{{cite news |title=Wide World of Wikipedia |newspaper=The Emory Wheel |url=https://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=17902 |date=April 21, 2006|access-date = October 17, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107052908/https://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=17902|archive-date = November 7, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="AWorkInProgress">{{cite news |first=Burt |last=Helm |title=Wikipedia: 'A Work in Progress' |url=https://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051214_441708.htm |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=December 14, 2005|access-date = January 29, 2007|archive-date = April 21, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421000522/https://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051214_441708.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="GilesJ2005Internet">{{cite journal |first=Jim |last=Giles |title=Internet encyclopedias go head to head |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=438 |issue=7070 |pages=900–901 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16355180 |doi=10.1038/438900a|author-link = Jim Giles (reporter) |bibcode=2005Natur.438..900G|doi-access = free}} {{subscription required}}
Note: The study was cited in several news articles; e.g.:
* {{cite news |title=Wikipedia survives research test |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4530930.stm |date=December 15, 2005}}</ref>
<ref name="corporate.britannica.com">{{cite report |author=Encyclopædia Britannica|author-link=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=March 2006 |title=Fatally Flawed: Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal ''Nature'' |url=https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709053629/https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="stothart">Chloe Stothart. [https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=209408 "Web threatens learning ethos"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140310/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=209408|date=December 21, 2012}} ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 2007, 1799 (June 22), p. 2.</ref>
<ref name="The Register-April">{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/09/sanger_reports_wikimedia_to_the_fbi/ |work=The Register |date=April 9, 2010 |first=Cade |last=Metz |title=Wikifounder reports Wikiparent to FBI over 'child porn'|access-date = April 19, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name=AFP>{{cite news |last1=Agence France-Presse |title=Wikipedia rejects child porn accusation |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikipedia-rejects-child-porn-accusation-20100428-tsvh.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=April 29, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="David_Mehegan">{{cite news |first=David |last=Mehegan |title=Many contributors, common cause |url=https://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2006/02/13/many_contributors_common_cause |work=Boston Globe |date=February 13, 2006|access-date = March 25, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="user identification">{{cite web |title=The Authority of Wikipedia |url=https://www.public.iastate.edu/~goodwin/pubs/goodwinwikipedia.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122202231/https://www.public.iastate.edu/~goodwin/pubs/goodwinwikipedia.pdf|archive-date = November 22, 2009 |first=Jean |last=Goodwin |year=2009 |quote=Wikipedia's commitment to anonymity/pseudonymity thus imposes a sort of epistemic agnosticism on its readers|access-date = January 31, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="WP_court_source">{{cite journal |last=Arias |first=Martha L. |date=January 29, 2007 |url=https://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1668 |title=Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia and its Use as Court Source |journal=Internet Business Law Services|access-date = December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520054827/https://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1668|archive-date = May 20, 2012|url-status=dead }} (The name "''World Intellectual Property Office''" should however read "''World Intellectual Property Organization''" in this source.)</ref>
<ref name=twsY23>{{cite news |author=Lexington |title=Classlessness in America: The uses and abuses of an enduring myth |newspaper=The Economist |quote=Socialist Labour Party of America [...] though it can trace its history as far back as 1876, when it was known as the Workingmen's Party, no less an authority than Wikipedia pronounces it "moribund". |date=September 24, 2011 |url=https://www.economist.com/node/21530100|access-date = September 27, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Domesday Project">{{cite web |url=https://www.domesday1986.com/ |title=Website discussing the emulator of the Domesday Project User Interface |author=Heart Internet|access-date = September 9, 2014|archive-date = May 17, 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140517075130/http://domesday1986.com/|url-status = dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Orlowski18">{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Orlowski|author-link = Andrew Orlowski |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/09/18/sanger_forks_wikipedia |title=Wikipedia founder forks Wikipedia, More experts, less fiddling? |work=The Register |date=September 18, 2006 |quote=Larry Sanger describes the Citizendium project as a "progressive or gradual fork", with the major difference that experts have the final say over edits.|access-date = June 27, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="bing WP research and referencing">{{cite news |url=https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2009/07/27/researching-with-bing-reference.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023202054/https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2009/07/27/researching-with-bing-reference.aspx|archive-date=October 23, 2010 |title=Researching With Bing Reference|newspaper=Bing Community |access-date = September 9, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="J Sidener">{{cite news |url=https://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/tech/personaltech/20061009-9999-mz1b9wikiped.html |title=Wikipedia family feud rooted in San Diego |last=Sidener |first=Jonathan |date=October 9, 2006 |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111074945/https://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/tech/personaltech/20061009-9999-mz1b9wikiped.html|archive-date = November 11, 2016|access-date = May 5, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="emory_p_181">{{cite journal |title=Wikitruth through Wikiorder |ssrn=1354424 |journal=Emory Law Journal |volume=59 |issue=1 |year=2009 |page=181 |first1=David A. |last1=Hoffman |first2=Salil K. |last2=Mehra}}</ref>
}}

=== Wikipedia-affiliated and primary sources ===
<!--For Wikipedia internal pages, other WMF project pages, and WMF-published sources-->
{{reflist|group=W|refs=
<ref name=modelling group="W">[[Wikipedia: Modelling Wikipedia's growth]]</ref>
<ref name=Sanger group="W">{{cite news |first=Larry |last=Sanger |title=Wikipedia Is Up! |date=January 17, 2001 |url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|access-date = December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010506042824/https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archive-date = May 6, 2001}}</ref>
<ref name=WikipediaHome group="W">{{cite web |url=https://www.wikipedia.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/https://www.wikipedia.com/|archive-date = March 31, 2001 |title=Wikipedia: HomePage|access-date = March 31, 2001}}</ref>
<ref name=NOR group="W">{{self-reference link|Wikipedia:No original research|No original research}}. February 13, 2008. "Wikipedia does not publish original thought."</ref>
<ref name=autogenerated2 group="W">{{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view}}. February 13, 2008. "All Wikipedia articles and other encyclopedic content must be written from a neutral point of view, representing significant views fairly, proportionately and without bias."</ref>
<ref name="WP vandalism manipulation 1" group="W">{{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Vandalism|Vandalism}}. ''Wikipedia''. Retrieved November 6, 2012.</ref>
<ref name="WP DB usage policy 1" group="W">{{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Database download|Wikipedia policies}} on data download</ref>
<ref name="voteresult" group="W">[[meta:Licensing update/Result|Wikimedia]]</ref>
<ref name="NPOV" group="W">[[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]], Wikipedia (January 21, 2007).</ref>
<ref name="Wikipedia in media" group="W">[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media]]</ref>
<ref name="ListOfWikipedias" group="W">[[Special:Statistics]]</ref>
<ref name="stallman1999" group="W">{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |title=The Free Encyclopedia Project |first=Richard M. |last=Stallman|author-link = Richard Stallman |date=June 20, 2007 |publisher=Free Software Foundation|access-date = January 4, 2008}}</ref>
}}